The network is being developed by SpaceX’s Starshield business unit under a $1.8 billion contract signed in 2021 with the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), an intelligence agency that oversees spy satellites. This underscores SpaceX’s significant involvement in U.S. intelligence and military initiatives, emphasizing the Pentagon’s commitment to extensive, low-Earth orbiting satellite systems to support ground forces. If successful, the program would greatly enhance the U.S. government and military’s ability to swiftly identify potential targets worldwide.
The contract signifies a growing level of trust by the intelligence community in a company whose owner, Musk, has had conflicts with the Biden administration and sparked controversy over the use of Starlink satellite connectivity during the Ukraine conflict. The existence of the $1.8 billion classified Starshield contract was reported by The Wall Street Journal in February, without specifying the program’s objectives. Reuters’ reporting now reveals that the SpaceX contract involves a powerful new spy system with hundreds of satellites equipped with Earth-imaging capabilities, operating in low orbits, and collaborating with the NRO.
SpaceX, the largest satellite operator globally, did not respond to requests for comment regarding the contract, its role, or satellite launches. The Pentagon directed inquiries to the NRO and SpaceX. The NRO acknowledged its mission to develop a sophisticated satellite system and collaborate with various entities but declined to comment on Reuters’ findings about SpaceX’s involvement.
The spy satellites can track ground targets and relay data to U.S. intelligence and military officials, aiding intelligence and military operations. Several prototypes have been launched since 2020, along with other satellites on SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rockets. SpaceX has launched missions that deployed satellites for the Starshield network without official acknowledgment. The Pentagon is a significant SpaceX customer, utilizing Falcon 9 rockets for military payloads. The planned Starshield network is distinct from Starlink, SpaceX’s commercial broadband constellation.
The classified spy satellite constellation is a highly coveted capability for the U.S. government, offering persistent, pervasive, and rapid Earth coverage. Musk’s control over Starlink in Ukraine caused tensions with the U.S. government, as it was used by Kyiv’s military for communications in the conflict with Russia. The Starshield network reflects the intensifying space competition between the U.S. and its adversaries, aiming to be more resilient to space threats.
China and Russia are also developing their own satellite networks, prompting concerns of space weapon threats. Starshield’s network will enhance the U.S. government’s remote-sensing capabilities and include large satellites with imaging sensors and relay satellites for data transmission. The NRO collaborates with the U.S. Space Force and CIA, providing classified satellite imagery to intelligence agencies. Sensors for the spy satellites will be provided by another company.
