Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing society, including the landscape of national security. In recognition of this, the Department of Defense (DoD) launched the Joint Artificial Intelligence Center (JAIC) in 2019, which later evolved into the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office (CDAO). The goal of these initiatives is to develop AI solutions that provide a competitive military advantage, promote human-centric AI adoption, and enhance the agility of DoD operations. However, the challenges in scaling, adopting, and fully realizing the potential of AI within the DoD mirror those faced in the private sector.
A recent survey by IBM highlighted the top barriers to successful AI deployment, such as limited AI skills and expertise, data complexity, and ethical concerns. Despite the recognition of the importance of AI ethics by executives, operationalizing common principles of AI ethics remains a challenge. Building trust in the outcomes of AI models requires a comprehensive sociotechnical approach, starting with establishing a shared vocabulary and culture that prioritizes safe and responsible AI use.
To address these challenges, the DoD must prioritize AI literacy among its personnel and collaborate with trusted organizations to develop governance frameworks aligned with its strategic objectives and values. Ensuring that personnel are well-versed in both the capabilities and limitations of AI, as well as the necessary security measures and ethical considerations, is crucial for the DoD’s mission success.
Incorporating AI literacy institution-wide is essential for enabling personnel to respond effectively to emerging threats, such as disinformation and deepfakes. IBM, as a leader in trustworthy AI, advocates for tailored AI learning paths to address knowledge gaps and provide role-specific training for personnel.
Furthermore, aligning AI initiatives with strategic goals and values is paramount for the DoD. AI can support various objectives, from enhancing workforce effectiveness to strengthening supply chains for military operations. The CDAO has outlined five ethical principles – responsible, equitable, traceable, reliable, and governable – to guide the responsible use of AI within the DoD.
Operationalizing these ethical principles requires a concerted effort to embed them into the development and governance of AI models. By fostering a culture of responsible AI use, organizations can ensure that personnel exercise judgment and care throughout the AI lifecycle. Additionally, measures to minimize unintended bias, enhance traceability, and ensure reliability of AI capabilities are essential for upholding ethical standards and promoting equitable AI use.
Through a collaborative approach that emphasizes transparency, accountability, and continuous training, the DoD can pave the way for responsible and effective AI deployment in national security efforts.
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